New Battery Choice

In the small-scale equipment for wind power generation, the battery is important auxiliary equipment. Drums in the production of electricity and DC supply system, supply and storage play an important role in stabilizing the voltage.

 

First, determine the battery capacity

 

Configuring the battery capacity is reasonable, the direct impact of the technology of wind energy, economic indicators. Battery capacity of some small, windy, when issued by the absence of sufficient stocks of surplus electricity. Capacity selected is too large increase of investment, two rechargeable batteries may be a long period of dissatisfaction with the state, it will affect the efficiency and IBM ThinkPad R32 battery life.

 

Conventional load usually is “limited to a two-stage constant tension, this law would not be a loss of power, charging time is short, right to extend the battery life of a favor, while calculating the capacity of the battery is also much easier. The wind, then it is different from the normal load.

 

As the wind changing, the output current when the motor is large is small, sometimes not, so that the battery required charging current and charging time is difficult to determine. Given this reality, we adopted the following two types of calculations to determine the capacity of the battery configuration.

 

1. Computing power balance method.

 

Calculation steps are as follows:

 

A. According to local meteorological department to provide data of wind speed at 10 days for 1 hours degrees, respectively, for ten days and Statistical start the fan speed-up work to prevent the wind speed of wind occur in a few hours.

 

b. the use of wind as a function of P = f (V) characteristic curve and information on the speed of calculation – Taiwan issued a machine-by-ten days beyond the power and intrigue during its full capacity curve of the year, calculated from the aircraft in the local wind conditions (from a farm in northern —- if omitted), the annual electricity output of 276 degrees. Ten days from the online process to see major changes in production capacity, the largest of 19 degrees in late April, at least the end of February is only 0.95 degrees, a difference of nearly 20 times, indicating Dell 6Y270 battery storage configuration for the regulation of energy storage is needed.

 

c. under the conditions used by telecommunications to calculate the electricity consumption of ten days, and gives the annual electricity consumption of the manufacturing chain. The dotted line shows the drawing.

 

d. compare the process of building production and use of power lines to supply the difference is less than the greatest periods of electricity consumption in order to determine the battery capacity needed. The difference between the actual maximum capacity of 2.3 degrees. Desired configuration 2300VAh hp PB995A battery, the actual selection of 12V48Ah battery 4. The total capacity of 2304VAh.

 

2. The computing experience

 

Based on our pilot experiment, a farm in the Northeast, wind conditions, it is also easy with the following formula can be used to estimate the battery capacity needed. Namely, Q = [(p ÷ U) × T × N] / K

 

Where: Q – configuration required battery capacity (Ah)

p – load power (W);

t – hours of electricity in Japan (h);

U – Standard battery voltage (typically 12V);

N – Reserve Battery periodic coefficients; (determined by wind conditions, are usually 3 to 8 days);

K – control the discharge coefficient (~ 0.75 to 0.80).

 

The type of account:

① electrical power rating.

② local weather conditions, namely the period of time through no wind.

③ To avoid excessive toshiba PA3284U-1BRS battery discharge, the discharge must be controlled to some extent.

 

Is this still a farm in the Northeast, for example, install a machine for three 100W of electricity, each household to install 12V15W bulb 2, an average of 5 hours per day lighting, to calculate the configuration required capacity of the battery. (Reserve factor 6 factor controlling discharge of 0.8) in the formula was as follows:

 

Optional 6 l 2V48Ah fixed valve regulated sealed lead-acid batteries with a total capacity of 288Ah.

 

Determine the standard battery, it is important NOTE: The storage capacity of electricity from oil company should be able to guarantee access to wind intensity maximum output current Imax.

 

Secondly, the operation in battery mode

 

1. Charging at full speed, full release. Let the fans focus on the installation, centralized charged apple PowerBook G4 12 inch battery scattered households, each household to use two batteries of rotation.

 

Production of wind energy is hampered by the wind, especially for small fan becomes more apparent. The wind in the village is small, the fans should be installed based outside the village and there are problems in the wiring of the campaign, warm, able to take this approach. Fan can be set up better in the wind on the site was able to make full use of wind energy. Battery warranty rotating full text version. The disadvantage is that:

 

① batteries needed more, higher level of investment and electricity costs.

 

② performance of the battery is low (approximately 40%).

 

③ the charging and discharging of the battery the rotation frequency, the shorter lifetime.

 

④ the battery to the user who moves back and forth often cause trouble, and easy to break the battery something, handling slip-up, easy to electrolyte leakage, will cause the battery fluid or clothing burned missing.

 

2. Semi-floating charge mode of operation. Is a fan (DC power) and stacks of parallel working. No electricity (per day), the fan power to the sony VGP-BPS5 battery charger, no wind, the battery power to the load and the wind, battery and power supply fan float. In this way used for 1 to 3 stand-alone, use the configuration, the battery capacity lower investment has also reduced accordingly. Semi-floating system, the autonomy of the general charge of the whole system more lengthy statement of the scale, the performance of the battery by about 50% or more.

 

3. Full-floating system. Focusing on the battery installed in the load between battery and wind turbines, and related to the burden back on the road, while the battery is often low load during the period. The fan power to the load when the fluctuations in wind speed caused by fluctuations in voltage across the battery played a stabilizing role in ensuring regular power supply. This mode of operation of the battery life is longer than the two previous methods, but also significantly reduces the capacity of the Dell Latitude D830 battery needed, power efficiency, simplify maintenance battery, all power supply equipment efficiency can reach 60 ~ 70%. A wind farm in the northern region is the work done that way.

 

Third, select the type of battery

 

There are many types of batteries. Currently, wind energy is widely used fixed type valve regulated sealed lead-acid batteries. There are dry charged lead acid battery, this battery irrigation fluid after 30 minutes, until the liquid temperature is 25 ℃, can be used, does not require initial charging. Right just installed wind machines do not have the initial loading conditions in remote areas and have immediate access to electricity is very convenient. However, this drawback is the hp F4812A battery size and weight of large, convenient transportation. Lead acid batteries on the market over a car to start with the battery, the structure of the plate and manufacturing specifications, the use of wind energy in the charge-discharge operating conditions, it inappropriate, and it is life is short, usually a year or so. In the capacity of large installations of wind power, preferably a fixed-type valve regulated sealed lead-acid batteries.

First, there is one thing that we must solve, we are talking about damage years, the battery cells to exclude external damage to this point (e.g. battery bulging, leaking batteries, very ears cut off, etc.), then we use a more reasonable should say is: the Laptop battery failure situations.

 

Failure of battery: The battery is not working or the battery’s ability to work in serious decline.

Result in failure of the battery of the most common reasons:

1. Dehydration Battery

2. Sulfide battery

3. The battery positive plate to soften

4. Battery thermal runaway

5. The battery shorted

6. Battery open circuit

 

In particular, note that there are a variety of battery cases of failure, can not be said to be dominated by a particular cause, because the six types of cases above, would be associated in any case outside the failure of other diseases. Analogy: like a cold that people are nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, headache and so on, but the cough is the most powerful to repair the IBM ThinkPad T40 battery is like a doctor does the same.

The failure of the above 6 will be 11 then we must conduct a detailed analysis.

 

Battery failure that led to a detailed analysis of six conditions:

 

A. Dehydration Battery

 

When charging the battery of the fever, but there are few at present the appearance of the phenomenon to cause swelling of the battery, but water loss is very serious. If you do not maintain or repair, it will be increased in lead sulfide battery, which led to the Dell RN873 battery positive plate thermal runaway, and a softening and failure of other malignant cells, and may even lead to the battery scrap.

 

What causes the battery to water loss?

Battery water loss is the most common failure of the battery the most common mistakes, colleagues, loss of water from the battery there is also the root of most of the failure of the battery.

 

Then the battery inside, water is the way to lose?

In the charging process to meet the requirements of 6-8 hours is fully charged, the charger had to set a voltage higher load, this voltage is much higher than the hp Pavilion dv4 battery gassing voltage. Water is part of the process of charging the high voltage switch issued by the Security Act (the form of waste gas, mainly hydrogen and oxygen composition of water from two major gas).

The loss of water after the battery acid electrolyte in the proportion gradually increased to promote the sulfidation assault battery capacity gradually decreased. Sulfur batteries have increased over the loss of water from the battery, water loss increased curing, so the cycle continues, leading to loss of battery capacity, battery sharp decline ability to work or even not working.

 

B. Sulfide Batteries

 

First, we must know the sulfide sony VGP-BPS5A battery. In the negative plates of battery generate and attach to the surface layer of crystal white, hard, load still does not bark, which is what we call the battery sulphide sulphate. Sulfide that the battery inside of lead covered with a layer of film so that the battery does not lead (a reflection plate negative charge and the discharge area is reduced), thus leading to the the failure of the battery. The failure of the battery is the most common, we can say 70% ~ 80% of cells have this wrong.

 

Curing of the battery, it will show how nature

 

After hardening of the battery charge time, the battery is fully charged standard usually takes 6 to 8 hours, while curing the battery 2 to 3 hours will be full of electricity pricing too early to produce bubbles, and even bubbles of air supercharger (the ears to the battery, you can hear the “crack” sound), fever toshiba PA3191U-1BRS battery; cure serious charge that could cause the battery does not. “A fee on the full, a rush of light” is a typical characteristic of sulfide battery.

 

What causes the battery to vulcanization?

1. The long duration of battery charging is insufficient, or lack of timely care after discharge. (Much less is sufficient battery charge, the charger showed the battery is fully charged, but in fact the battery is not complete)

2. Long on the amount of discharge or a small discharge current deep.

3. After exhausting the battery without charge for a long period of idling.

4. Acid concentration of electrolyte is too high, impure composition, dramatic changes in outside temperature.

 

C. The battery positive plate to soften

Intuitive approach in the process of charging the electrolyte, the electrolyte red or black, or even a slurry-like, indicating positive plate has been softened.

This led to softening of the positive plate:

1. High current discharge. In particular, populated with merchandise, climbing to start the discharge current of the apple A1012 battery can reach some 10 amps, it is normal discharge current is several times! (Electric Motor work in the long-term high discharge current and, consequently, the battery electric motor lot of positive plate appear to soften defects)

2. The depth of discharge. Such as regular use of the battery inside the virtual workplace tension.

3. The battery for the analysis of positive plates of gas (from this point, we can see that positive plate battery gassing and water loss caused by curing, that is, the battery can cause dehydration and drying soften the appearance of the positive plate battery)

4. High-current load.

 

D. Battery thermal runaway

 

Thermal runaway conditions were as follows:

To recharge the BATBL50L6 battery, especially late fees, the charger does not light green, the batteries colleagues’ severe fever. Fever (in severe cases, the battery internal analysis of the gas pressure is too high will lead to deformation heat reservoir of battery failure, until the end of battery life) C That is what we often see the battery is charging drum.

 

What causes the battery to the thermal runaway?

1. Dehydration Battery

2. A single cell rear (inside the battery 6 has a gate voltage single cell is too low)

3. Charging voltage is too high

4. Oxygen cycle in general (effect of the positive plate directly precipitated oxygen in the cathode plate, which has aroused which can not be discharged in time to form a thermal runaway)

 

E. The battery shorted

 

Short-circuit the hp F3172A battery performance in several situations:

Plate 1. Cells positive and negative in direct contact or other conductive plate is called short lap of ignorance.

Measure 2. The battery open circuit voltage, and only about 10.5V ~ 10.7V.

3. Deep discharge, hand drums, the drums out of the fever, a space is particularly hot.

4. Charging, the voltage rises very slowly, and always maintains a low value, the temperature of the high electrolyte increases rapidly.

 

What causes the battery short-circuits:

1. Inside the separator accumulating inside the Dell KD476 battery more than lead sulfates.

2. Pole Material active plate shedding, excessive sedimentation, resulting in positive and negative edge lower plate side or edge of the deposit of materials caused by contact with each other positive and negative plates are connected.

3. Group welding pole formed when a leader “,” stream or assembly is not divisible by the bean “lead” between the positive and negative plates in the charge-discharge process partitions damaged, resulting in the partition positive and negative electrodes connected to short-circuit.

4. Extent of storage and there is no regular maintenance of batteries, recharging when the plates begin to generate crystals of short-circuiting the poles.

 

F. Battery open circuit

 

The battery open the battery failure is a rare situation, mainly for the prosecution is not in power, open the terminal for measuring battery voltage can be achieved by 13V or so, but there is no Release discharge current. Some open-circuit the battery terminal voltage measured at 0 V from top to bottom. Discharge bulb, light bulbs are not bright, in serious cases related to the internal battery ignition phenomenon. If you use the wire for positive and negative short-circuit ignition, no spark of star points. Can be tested first with the battery voltage multimeter, if it is zero, then the reuse of detecting short-circuit ignition. If there are no sparks, open battery can be determined.

The development and market

 

Lithium-ion capacitor is designed according to the principle of electric double layer capacitor, while adding to the cathode of lithium-ion Laptop battery, which increases the energy density capacitors. Asahi Kasei Electronics Corporation and FDK Corporation has developed the use of lithium oxide in the electrolytic capacitors, but they do not realize oriented products. Turning point occurred in 2005, Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. disclosed technology lithium-ion capacitor manufacture: multi-anode capacitors and materials benzene, in which a large number of lithium-ion doping, capacitors cathode material of activated carbon is still used in the past.

 

Since then, many manufacturers use these technologies to create a double layer capacitor with both a high efficiency, long life characteristics while offering greater energy IBM ThinkPad R51 battery density capacitors. The end of 2008, Asahi Kasei Electronics (ACT capacitor technology advanced), NEC, JM Energy, Taiyo Yuden and a number of companies are developing lithium-ion capacitor products, including ACT and products from JM Energy Company were two mass production.

 

The energy density of lithium-ion capacitor is improved mainly due to the Dell Latitude X1 battery voltage capacitor and negative electrostatic capacity increases. Conventional capacitor voltage is typically 2.5 ~ 3V, but after adding the lithium-ion can be increased to 4V. Cathode materials with the same relation to ordinary capacitors, lithium-ion capacitor can increase by 3.5 times the unit of energy. Another view is that to achieve greater capacity in the future cathode material for lithium-capacity ion capacitor is also needed to improve.

 

In short, it is found that can replace the electric double layer capacitor of large-capacity lithium-ion capacitor, and performance and its prospects for the implementation of confidence. A firm market research has indicated that the current double-layer capacitor of the hp F4809A battery market size of about 400 billion yen (100 yen about 7.6 yuan), while the lithium-ion capacitor mass production in 2008 should be officially from 2010 to 2011 the property market, the market size in 2020 will be able to achieve 80 billion yen in annual shipments will reach 40 million units.

 

Price and seller

 

Although lithium-ion capacitor, with its slight advantage in value added has a certain appeal, but price a bit high, which prevented a wider use of the main obstacles when the overall market capacity is limited, especially when it is necessary to reduce prices. On the other hand, its competing products – electric sony VGP-BPS2A battery double layer capacitor prices are falling. According to the survey, by calculating the double-layer capacitor capacity, the current price of ¥ 3.3 / F, is expected in 2020 fell to ¥ 1.24 in / F. Currently, the price of lithium-ion capacitor is yen 5 / F, to achieve the double-layer capacitors with a considerable level, but also take some time. However, all manufacturers believe that as the mass production demands, the price may be flat, with double-layer capacitors.

 

In volume production to ensure quality and stability of the material of the toshiba PA3285U-2BRS battery is very important. In this regard, the double-layer capacitor manufacturers have been working hard enough, lithium-ion capacitor that is able to catch up or at night. It seems that there is a gap between the two will be temporarily.

 

In capacitors and lithium-ion batteries on the market dominated by Japanese companies in the development of lithium-ion BATCL50L capacitor is also leading the industry. JM Energy Corporation is the first to build a special facility at the end of 2008 have already begun to 30 million monthly capacity units for commercial production.

 

Meanwhile, ACT has introduced a greater energy density 40Wh / L Premlis products have been used in power systems uninterruptible power equipment and power generation in storage devices auxiliary electric . NEC Tokin Corporation has announced the electrostatic capacity up to 1000F product trial. FDK Corporation is committed to developing a module to eliminate the bias of the unit’s control circuit to prolong life. Hitachi Chemical has developed the apple A1061 battery electrostatic capacity of up to 900F, a large cylindrical module of 40mm diameter is suitable for automotive and industrial applications. Shoei electronics companies developing applications for small devices and small appliances cylindrical products.