New Battery Choice

Methanol fuel cell is divided into cells with direct methanol fuel (DMFC) fuel cells and re-methanol (MFRC) in two, they are mainly developed for mobile phones, laptops and other portable devices. Although the energy density of methanol fuel cells for other types of fuel cells is not high, but it is easy to carry with methanol fuel, the benefits of easy storage, which is more suitable for the methanol fuel cell portable device. Inspiron 8500 battery Inspiron 8600 battery

 

So far, no real products of fuel cells on the civilian market for methanol fuel cells is still underway, the search direction is concentrated in the small battery, life, energy density, efficiency energy, etc. improve the production of methanol fuel cells to really take time. After all, most people think of methanol fuel cells to replace conventional batteries as main power portable devices, you can see is the various manufacturers in recent years, launched its own prototype / prototype. This summary description of the principle of DMFC by defects leads DMFC MFRC emphasis final few prototypes and products MFRC.

 

1, DMFC

 

Regarding the technical principles, DMFC is mature. It can immediately produce a stable energy, the reaction is not necessary to cool the main battery; methanol fuel used in liquid form, because it is easy to store and do not condense in the cold environment, size and reduced weight, safety DMFC is as easy to side. All these advantages make the use of DMFC in some areas than other types of fuel cells are more advantages, such as we are lawn mowers, electric saws and other appliances DMFC devices can see the shadow You can see the passengers, shop DMFC as an energy booster, micro-DMFC portable devices become more energy alternative. Inspiron 9200 battery Inspiron B120 battery

 

1, DMFC reaction

 

DMFC usually consists of an electrolyte membrane permeable, the methanol in the DMFC anode cathode air through the DMFC. Using the chemical reaction of methanol with air to produce electricity without combustion process, and generates only CO2 and water. Methanol breaks down into hydrogen and CO2, protons, and the air is the formation of O2 H2O, while the external electronic circuit to achieve through the film negative. Chemical reaction equation is as follows:

 

Total reaction equation:

CH3OH +3 / 2O2 = 2H2O + CO2

 

Anode: CH3OH + H2O = CO2 + 6H + +-sixth

 

Cathode: 3/2O2 + 6H + + 3H2O = 6th-

 

2 defects DMFC Inspiron B130 battery Latitude D410 battery

 

Aqueous methanol fuel cell (DMFC) of the electrolyte membrane, most materials used perfluorooctanoic acid sulfone system, because this material formed in the internal cluster, surrounded by water molecules, protons (Proton) can form channels proton hydrates, proton conductivity is very high, but with the same combination of protons in methanol hydrate film will be reduced through the use of methanol, which is commonly called the penetration of methanol (cross) the phenomenon, once penetration of methanol with oxygen in the catalytic reaction and cathodic reduction of tension and cause other issues. Increase the capacity of the battery using the high concentration of methanol aqueous solution is very effective, but high concentrations of methanol and the methanol and water with the same ease of triggering the phenomenon requires a conductivity high proton electrolyte membrane, but also the need to control the problem of penetration of methanol. This is indeed the fatal flaw DMFC, hydrogen ions needed to complete the polymer film by water, to avoid this situation, researchers have taken a variety of other ways to prevent problems penetration of methanol, such as increased alcohol and high insulation layer insulation films using Molecular gradient hydrophobic inter alia. Latitude D800 battery Latitude D810 battery

 

DMFCs are facing another problem is the release of CO2. Although the supply of methanol can be used passively (ie do not use the pump), but the accumulation of CO2 in the catalyst will lead to a decline in the use of a catalyst. The use of the pump will increase the complexity and increase the size. Finally, carbon and oxygen atoms, whereas CO2 is produced with the use of CO catalyst system of platinum, CO poisoned platinum catalyst temporarily, although the electrodes can be added, such as ruthenium atoms so that was the catalyst for CO poisoning and the catalytic reaction, however, when the CO concentration is too high, causing a fuel cell electrode has been increased Ru content, which is also the DMFC, PEMFC electrode active area is 10 times the love.

 

3, for example DMFC

 

(1) Figure 3 is the Yamaha 2003 has developed a DMFC system for motorcycles. Figure 4 shows the system structure and its components for each part of the name, in Figure 5 also show the power generated by the theme of the principle and structure of the battery. The system requires an output power rating of 500W, rated voltage of 24V, and weighs 20kg. In this system includes a fuel tank and a water tank storage tank fuel level of 50% solution of methanol, the role is to ensure the supply tank of the main battery of methanol – a solution water maintained at a constant concentration of 1 M / L (3.2% mass). The main battery, the aqueous solution containing the chemical reaction of CO2 from air bubbles, the aqueous solution through a box of pipe loop transmission tub and the bubbles are isolated. Inspiron 1526 battery Inspiron 1720 battery Yamaha developed concentration sensor and control circuit specialized for monitoring the concentration of methanol, the system works is that when it reaches the battery inside the main solution to a low concentration methanol, the system will generate a control signal transmitted by a high concentration of methanol in the tank of methanol in the reaction solution to improve their concentration. In addition, Yamaha has developed its own highly efficient air pump air to the battery main body of the cathode, air pump consists of a screening program. Finally, these devices in the air after the heat exchanger of the steam room, where the use of heat to expedite the progress of the concentration of the solution, and finally they sent the system is transferred. Box in the low concentration solution, the solution used the humidity is controlled, and excess water will be discharged outside the system. To integrate the system into a motorcycle, the structure of the battery should be based on the shape of a motorcycle adapted accordingly to achieve weight balance. Inspiron 1721 battery Inspiron 2600 battery

 

(2) MTI developed for military DMFC. Figure 6 shows in November 2006 to demonstrate fuel cell fuel cell, see (a) shows the MTI developed for military purposes “1M Mobion” portable fuel cell, it uses a concentration of 100% methanol as fuel 0.7 watts nominal, the external dimensions of 34mm × 95mm × 153mm. box fuel for built-in way, each filled with the energy density of 150Wh. Thanks to technology Mobion MIT may be a concentration of 100% methanol directly into the anode DMFC, thereby avoiding the need for other types of DMFC methanol in water to the battery of the main problems in the system also eliminates the need for the addition of micro-pumps and micro – sub-catheter systems. Its principle can refer to Figure 7, the MTI technology to keep constant by controlling the supply of 100% concentration of methanol, and do not use the pump in the case of uniform distribution of them with the main battery. Inspiron 2650 battery Inspiron 5150 battery

 

Secondly, MFRC

 

MFRC is actually re-methanol PEMFC, also using methanol as the main raw material. The difference is to use an external reformer, which is usually miniature methanol reformer. In MFRC, methanol is not directly to the main battery of chemical reaction, which avoids the shortcomings described above in DMFC, but it can also address the lack of output power DMFC. Casio Hitachi last year and the results of research, we can see the output of methanol fuel cell energy density of 200mW / cm2 or more, it implies that it can cross 10W output power to drive portable devices. Inspiron 5160 battery Inspiron 6000 battery

With the widespread use of power tools, batteries lithium-ion batteries at high magnification using attention more and more. Rate characteristics of batteries, a battery research. Rate characteristics of batteries with a number of factors: (1) is negative electrode materials solid diffusion process, (2) is negative, the electrochemical process, (3) electrolyte system, migration and the ability to proliferation (4) E Battery strength. For a specific system, to understand the factors those influence the rate characteristics of the main reasons for the improved rate characteristics of its great importance. Vostro 1310 battery Vostro 1320 battery

 

Electrochemical simulation is an important means of various processes [1-6]. With the help of literature, using digital analysis to establish procedures for the specific battery system, numerical simulation reveals a different process to the impact of battery capacity.

 

1, mathematical model

 

1.1 Assumptions of the model and description of the equation

 

To facilitate the model, the following assumptions:

 

(1) collector with infinite conductivity;

 

(2) is a film negative electrode, the equation can be described Newman;

 

(3) documents the positive and negative is supposed to be central to the spread of the spherical particles according to Fick’s law;

 

(4) dilute solution of electrolyte in accordance with the theoretical description of the behavior;

 

(5) for the insulation system; Vostro 1400 battery Vostro 1500 battery

 

According to Bulter-Volumes and Fick’s law, describe the basic equations see [1].

 

1.2 The model parameters

 

The simulation in this way the battery is produced by rolling are extremely Shijiazhuang Bai LiCoO2 site is extremely negative Shanshan CMS, Zhangjiagang Guotai Huarong electrolyte 1M LiPF6/EC + DMC (1:1).

 

2 Results and discussion

 

Results 2.1 Model prediction and experimental

 

Figure 1 shows where different discharge rates the capacity of testing and comparing the results of the simulation. In the case of a low current volume changes (<2C), more slowly, in large current circumstances, the ability to change rapidly. In the case of low current experimental and simulation results match well, and the magnification of the case, and test data, test results over the simulation, which is due to: (a) if high current density, local areas of high concentration of electrolyte will be diluted theoretical assumptions about the need to make some changes, (2) for high current density, the battery may be the situation internal heat, resulting in the system is no longer an adiabatic system. But the overall test results are more compatible with the simulation shows that the numerical model and the parameters used with good adaptability. Vostro 1510 battery Vostro 1520 battery

 

2.2 The distribution of the concentration on the discharge capacity

 

Figure 2 shows the rate characteristics of different circumstances, the model of concentration over time within the battery. discharge end of the green line, where the image gradient of concentration. 3C and 4C in the battery to discharge when the behavior in time with the discharge of the electrolyte cathode near the collector close to the lithium ion concentration near 0, ie, in the case of the discharge rates high, then the solution phase was almost diffusion limited (migration) (in accordance with this model of the battery case, must be between 2C and 3C), because this part of the solution phase Li + concentration is very low, the active substance can not respond fully, leading to a reduced capacity to more post-3C quick. In addition, in the case of the discharge current, the battery will heat the whole, leading to the solution phase diffusion rate, so the actual concentration gradient lithium-ion batteries can be smaller than those calculated. apple MacBook 13-inch unibody battery apple MacBook 15-inch unibody battery

 

2.3 great piece on the distribution of current density in the discharge capacity

 

Figure 3 for the model of positive and negative pole on the chip distribution of current density. 3C discharge case shows, the solution phase near the cathode current collector part of the Li + is close to 0, leading to the discharge end portion of the cathode active material of the current density is also low and the outer casing over the current density. Depending on the results, the maximum current density is equivalent to 12C, the actual current density 4 times. 2C discharge in the case, the distribution of the product, the maximum current density is almost the 3C. If not, if it is 2C or 3C and discharge current density is relatively uniform. This shows that, with the rate of increase, especially after more than 2C, the current density distribution is very uneven, it is high current capacity decreases rapidly one reason. apple MacBook Air 13-inch battery

 

3 Conclusion

 

In this paper, the model with experimental data better, and can be used to predict changes in the capacity of the battery to the different lens, and reveals the various processes within the battery. According to the model reveals the results of testing the battery in case of high prevalence, the capacity has decreased mainly due to phase diffusion limited solution, resulting in some smart, can not be completely discharged positive active material caused. Vostro 1700 battery

Expo at the huge new energy bus is the preferred mode of transport for tourists, they are comfortable, quiet features, has been favored by tourists, but also the awareness of environmental protection and energy while keeping the public. Inspiron 9400 battery Inspiron E1705 battery

 

Area Expo scale operation of new energy vehicles

 

To achieve the transit in the Exposition site, zero emissions, Science and Technology of Shanghai, in cooperation with the hybrid, pure electric, fuel cell and run other types of vehicles Energy new model 1017. Similarities and differences between these three cars do? Tongji University Dean of Zhuoping car to the press this afternoon, 11 Xiang Jie.

 

hybrid vehicle is burning oil-based, supplemented by electric power electric vehicles. Expo into a total of 500 vehicles, 150 is the bus. Its advantage is a more fuel efficient, the rate of fuel economy by about 10% -40%. The good news is that hybrid technology matures, hybrid vehicles have entered the phase of business development, 2-3 years on the electric vehicle market has gradually become the mainstream of competing models. XPS M170 battery XPS M1710 battery

 

Pure electric vehicle battery pack is somewhat similar to cars. The total of 300 vehicles at the Expo, 120 is a bus service. It does not rely on gasoline and very green but because of limited battery electric cars, and therefore “run away” for charging a battery at least 5-6 hours but can travel just over 100 miles km. “Exhibition in the region fall short bus capacitor in this category. Whether visitors are often seen by the bus station in the station at the top will come down 2″ stick “for the bus in addition to energy.”

 

Fuel cell vehicles use electric motors as the power, fuel cell energy conversion, energy of hydrogen. Currently, the car full of hydrogen storage can run 300 kilometers after, the efficiency of a gasoline engine 1 times. The total of 196 put in the Expo, including the six fuel cell buses as the bus park and a short separation lines added, 100 fuel cell vehicles for tourism for tourists to provide services personalized transportation. Inspiron 1501 battery Inspiron 6400 battery

 

fuel cell vehicle is the future direction of sustainable development

 

The field of transport fuel consumption car is important, urban air pollution is a major manufacturer. Fuel cells are hydrogen and oxygen in its internal power by the electrochemical reaction device, the emissions for pure water, not carbon dioxide. Like a car in the heart of fuel cells for cars to live a more “healthy”. Thus, many new energy vehicles, fuel, fuel cell vehicles to achieve a complete substitution, and because of zero-emission, high efficiency, low noise vibration and other benefits have been identified as the future direction of sustainable development Qijugongye, addressing global energy issues and global warming of the best programs. Inspiron E1505 battery Latitude 131L battery

 

Zhuoping said that while in 2015, Japan, the United States, Germany and China could launch a fuel cell vehicle mature product, but the real popularized a long period of time. “Hybrid vehicles are entered in the commercial promotion, pure electric cars 3 to 5 years, the fuel cell vehicles from the road after 5 years you can see, the commercialization of large-scale promotion is necessary more than a dozen twenty years. “High cost is one reason, the main hydrogen fuel cells produce hydrogen by electrolysis of water and oxygen, which is used in the platinum catalyst more expensive, but “as the upgrading of technology, the cost will be reduced gradually.” ThinkPad Z61t battery ThinkPad X61 battery

 

In addition, when the fuel cell vehicle runs on energy in case of need, “hydrogenation,” which also means that once the popularity of fuel cell vehicles requires the construction of hydrogen stations in the district around. Currently, only three hydrogen fueling stations, Shanghai 2, Beijing 1. Anting hydrogenation, according to the staff of the station, now thanks to technology research, fuel cell vehicles in China reached a national production of technology equipment and two mobile hydrogen cars every night for the site of the Exhibition of 100 vehicles to fuel cell energy supply.

 

Some people may ask, was driving a hydrogen car device, if it is equivalent to the back of a hydrogen bomb? In this regard, Zhuoping the external fuel cells surrounded by carbon fiber, blasting pressure of more than 1000 kilograms, “If you look in front of the tank of regular fuel, ThinkPad X41 Tablet battery ThinkPad R61 battery it will fire and then exploded, but you turned against fuel cells, carbon fiber first aspect will be divided, but that followed began Buck, causing a leakage of hydrogen due to lower air density of hydrogen, hydrogen, which increase gradually left the car ignition.”Also, to add hydrogen, the staff will be particularly careful. hydrogen fueling station in Anting seen, each vehicle transporting fuel cells prior to examination “physical”, the staff will put a portable detector, “Hydrogenation of mouth, whether the leakage of hydrogen vehicles.

 

Currently, fuel cell vehicles in the park is mainly used lithium battery. Shanghai Fuel Cell Vehicle Powertrain Co., Ltd general manager Zhang Tong told reporters, the life of the lithium battery of about 1500 times the charge is exhausted, but it also depends on the charging and discharging of the “depth” “If it is full filled, then the lithium battery life can load about 1,500 times, but if enough light is lit, then the number of times you can charge more.”Currently, when the lithium batteries park” die “, will conduct recycling. ThinkPad R61e battery ThinkPad R61i battery